Race Change in Spanish Nobility (700-1600)

[Evola As He Is]

FIRST PART

El tizón de la nobleza de España

or

Jewish and Moorish Ancestry of the Spanish Nobility

Race Change in Spanish Nobility (700-1600)

FIRST PART

Spain has had a particular history in so far it was as early as the eighth century AD the theatre of a conflict between three peoples: the Castilian, the Moor and the Jew. For a long time none of them could prevail over the others. They had to live on the same territory and it is appropriate to speak of “castes”, which, however, gradually mixed together.

This mixing may account for the very existence of Imperial Spain in the sixteenth century. The Spanish empire was the fruit of the Castilian's self-confidence and military valor; of the Moor’s liking for technology; and of the Jew’s knowledge of finance, as well as his utopian dreams of world-empire.

At the time of the beginning of the formation of the empire, numerous Jews and Moors had already become part of the Castilian nobility and government. From 1478 - the establishment of the Inquisition - on, many more Jews converted to christianity (“conversos”). One of the goals of the Inquisition, besides imposing christianity to all, was to “extirpate all forms of judaism”, which was viewed as vital to maintain the realm (however, the rabid and intolerant character of the Inquisition is foreign to the Aryan mindset - as is the truncated concept of “limpieza del sangre” - and that is not surprising because many Inquisition officials were of Jewish ancestry). Also, it seems the hostile measures taken against the Jews were forced upon the king by the general population and not the nobility.

At the same time, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, Granada, was reduced. So the Castilian caste had finally won. It won back its privileges which the Moorish and Jewish had competed for. A strictly segregated society was being erected and the time to make lists and say who was who had come. That was not easy because it was found many Castilian families had had Moorish and Jewish blood influx.

Two books of significance were published - “Libro verde de Aragón” and “El tizón de la nobleza de España” by cardinal Francisco de Mendoza y Bobadilla (1508-1566) -, both of which showing that the largest part of the sixteenth century Castilian nobility had Jewish and Moorish blood, including the very king who had completed the reconquista and founded the Inquisition, Ferdinand II “the Catholic”, who was Jewish by his mother, Juana Enrriquez.

Don Francisco wrote “El tizón de la nobleza de España” because he was offended by the fact his nephew was not given an appointment on the charge of his (alleged) dubious ancestry. He wished to show the largest part of the Spanish nobility was in the same situation. His sources were thoroughly valid and included, for example, the well-known “Libro de Genealogías” written by the count don Pedro.

Don Pedro himself had written that a number of Spanish houses had Jewish and Moorish blood, which was inevitable because noble families reproduced among themselves. Don Francisco went a step further and carried out a deeper analysis. For example, he argued the famous knight don Hernando Alfonso was a Moor - who, at the fall of Toledo, converted to christianity and was baptized by the christian king from whom he received great presents - from whom several houses descended in one way or another. Also that the Portocarrero and the Pacheco families carried a large proportion of foreign blood as the latter proceeded from the Jew Ruy Capón, while the former proceeded from a Jewess doña Polonia or Paloma or Palda. As we will see, both of these families transmitted their blood to countless noble houses.

We will now detail don Francisco’s claims and review a few of the most striking cases of noble families with mixed ancestry so as to have a clearer picture of the racial state of the Spanish nobility. This text may also give hints on the history of other countries in Europe. If we suppose a similar process occurred throughout Europe, then Guénon’s remarks on the marked changes the mentality of the European peoples went through from the fifteenth century on may be explained.

SECOND PART

Pacheco

This family proceeded from don Gonzalo López Tabiera and doña María Ruiz, whose father was the Jew Ruy Capón, who flourished in the first half of the fourteenth century. After his conversion to christianity, he was made finance minister by queen doña Blanca. Then, he became knight and received greats presents from king don Alfonso, who had his daughter wed him. Other members of Ruy Capón’s family also married into noble and royal houses.

María Gómez Tavira, who proceeded from the above union, married Lope Fernández Pacheco, Lord of Ferreira in Portugal. Dozens, if not hundreds, of noble families proceeded from or were related to this blood, of which we give a list probably incomplete:

Conde de Benavente, Duque de Florencia, Marqués de Villafranca, Conde de Aranda, Duque del Infantado, Duque de Castro Villa, Marqués de Montesclaros, Conde de Medellín, Conde de Alcaudete, Duque de Alba (de Tormes), Almirante de Castilla, Marqués de la Guardia, Conde de Luna, Conde de Alba de Liste, Conde de Monterrey, Marqués de Tavaran Don Bernardino de Mendoza, hermano de Mondéjar, Marqués de Priego (Pliego), Adelantado de Castilla, Marqués de Viana, Duque de Feria, Duque de Alburquerque, Marqués de Gibraleón, Marqués de Comares, Marqués de Mondéjar, Marqués de Ayamonte, Conde de Agudos (Monteagudo), Conde de Oropesa, Duque de Maqueda, Conde de Fuensalida, Conde de Osorno, Don Francisco Pacheco, Señor de Almunia, Señor de Albadalejo, Señor de Malpica, Doña Magdalena de Bobadilla, Marqués de las Navas, Casa de Palma, Casa del Duque de Arcos, Casa del Marqués de los Vélez, Marqués de Villanueva del Fresno, Duque de Alcalá, Condestable de Castilla, Marqués del Carpio, Conde de la Puebla, Conde de Castro, Conde de Montalbán, Conde de Castro, Marqués del Carpio, Casa del Señor de Pinto, Marqués de Camarasa, Casa del Señor de la Casa Rubios, Conde de Valencia, Duque de Nájera, Conde de Buendía, Marqués del Carpio, Marqués de Montemayor, Marqués de Cerralvo, Don Diego de Acuña, Don Juan de Acuña, Don Fernando de Acuña, Conde de Villa Mediana, Casa del Mariscal de Valencia en Zamora, Señor de Peñaranda, Duque de Medina Celi, Marqués de Falces, Marqués de la Guardia, Conde de Aranda, Conde de Coruña, Marqués de la Fuente, Lope de Guzmán, Álvarez de Toledo, etc.

Portocarrero

This old family of Castile proceeded from don Hernando Alfonso, a prominent, rich Moor from the twelfth century, born in Cordoba, who converted to christianity when Toledo was taken by Alfonso VI. A great number of Spanish houses descended from don Hernando Alfonso.

Don Pedro Portocarrero, a later descendant of Don Hernando Alfonso, married Beatriz Enrriquez, a Jewess born in Guadalcanal and related to king don Alfonso.

Don Pedro de Castilla, bishop of Palencia

Don Pedro de Castilla (1394-1461) had a concubine, Isabel Oleni, whose father was an English Jew from the lowest ranks of society. Her name has never been ascertained with certainty and it varies a lot in the documents of the period (Olin, Oleni, Dioelni, Drohelin, Droklin, etc.). But it is not Droellin, a most noble English name, as some paid genealogical authors would have had it. They had two sons and two daughters together from whom numerous Spanish houses proceeded: Marques de Alcañíces, Conde de Denia, Marques de Poza, Conde de Miranda, Conde de Salinas, Conde de Coruña, Duque de Villahermosa, Señor de Fuente y Dueña, the sons of Don Pedro de Zúñiga, the sons of Don Francisco de Castilla, don Alfonso de Castilla, the brothers of Marqués de Gibraleón, Marqués de Frómista, Don Antonio Fonseca de Toro, the sons of don Gómez Henrríquez, Don Pedro Castilla en Valladolid, Don Juan de Castilla, de Madrid, Don Juan de Castilla y Aguayo, Marques de Santa Cruz, Conde de Santiesteban del Puerto, etc.

The dukes of Braganza

This house, which became very powerful and eventually ruled Portugal and Brazil, was started by Afonso, the bastard son of the Portuguese king, and Inés Fernández de Esteves, whose father was a Jewish clerk who had converted to christianity. Many other noble houses proceeded from this blood.

The counts of Mirabel, Veras and Davila

Although this house is not a prominent one, its case is very illustrative of a tendency which seems to have been common, namely having children with a plebeian - often Moorish or Jewish - woman - in this case a girl with the wife of a barber - and wedding them to noble husbands or wives. As a result, many houses were corrupted - in this case, at least three different houses received this blood.

The duke of Villahermosa

The following case is illustrative of the futility of the European nobility in the last few centuries, which eventually sealed its doom. The duchy of Villahermosa was created in remote times. Alfonso de Aragón y Escobar (1417-1485), duke of Villahermosa, son of king Juan II, took a Jewish mistress, María Sánchez (Junques) - called “La Coneja” -, who converted to christianity. Two children were born from this union ; both were legitimized and were given prestigious titles. Of course they reproduced among the nobility.

The counts of Puñonrostro

This house originated in Pedro Arias de Ávila, a Jew (who had converted to christianity) at the service of king Enrique IV (1425-1474) as his main accountant. Although he was the son of a shopkeeper, he was already very wealthy when he was ennobled. He had two sons: one became the bishop of Segovia while the other became count of Puñonrostro, a county which was created especially for him.

Don Pablo de Cartagena y Burgos

Don Pablo, bishop of Cartagena, also writer and poet, flourished in the fourteenth century. His first name was Salomon Halevi and he remained to the Jewish faith for many years until he was granted the permission by a pope to join the Church. He then advanced quickly and became the preceptor of king Juan II of Castile and later bishop of Cartagena and Burgos.

Aragón

According to the author, the Aragón region was one of the hardest hit by blood-mixing.

Navarra

According to the author, there were in Navarra many conversos who occupied high positions.

Vizcaya

There was in Vizcaya a Jewish medical doctor, Mosén Pablo, who had four daughters. He managed to have all of them married into regional noble houses.

T. L., 2015

[Evola As He Is]

SECOND PART

El libro verde de Aragón

or

Jewish and Moorish Ancestry of the Spanish Nobility

Race Change in Spanish Nobility (700-1600)

FIRST PART: INTRODUCTION, ON THE CONVERSION OF THE JEWS

Contrary to a common assumption, Jews in Spain had been converting to christianity for centuries before the aggressive measures of 1391 and the coercive Inquisition. That was especially true in Aragón.

For example, before the fall of Zaragoza to king Alfonso I in 1118, three prominent Jews lived in that city: Mosse Sefardi, Ben Ezra and Abraham bar Hiyya. Mosse Sefardi chose in 1106 to be baptized and took the name of Pedro Alfonso. He had been a rabbi for decades. Another case is Pedro de Almería who embraced the cross and became the preceptor of king Pedro I, on whom he wielded a great influence.

A large part of the conversions were not caused by violence or physical threat. It was rather proselytical campaigns and theological debates, such as the disputation of Tortosa (1412-1414), which triggered conversions. The Jews who converted were educated and well-off.

The conversions in Aragón from the beginning of the fifteenth century on were numerous. Registers mention hundreds of families. However, the synchronicity of so many conversions, in such a short length of time, leaves one wonder whether they were part of a concerted action and the disputations mere smokescreens. There is a bolder assumption. That the whole Inquisition affair, which ended up being very beneficial for many Jews who had converted to Christianity as it allowed them to quickly climb the social ladder by marrying into noble christian families and obtain influential positions, was set in motion precisely to reach those aims. After all, was Ferdinand II, the king who established the Inquisition, not of Jewish extraction by his mother?

Were there not several conversos who called to their Jewish brethren to convert?

In Aragón, about half of the twelve thousand Jews chose to go on exile but a number of them gradually made their way back over the years. Still, the scattering impact of the Inquisition was great (to Portugal, Avignon/France, Italy, North Africa, etc.). The other half converted to christianity. From a racial standpoint, it is irrelevant whether they truly embraced their new religion or remained faithful to judaism in secret.

SECOND PART: EL LIBRO VERDE DE ARAGON

As previously said, a number of conversos, the “new christians”, rose socially and obtained enviable positions through nepotism. The “old christians” saw themselves threatened and a rivalry began. It was about 1550 when “El libro verde de Aragón”, a manuscript document, appeared. It caused over the years a great stir because it demonstrated that the most powerful families of Aragón had Jewish origins – although the book does not focus only on noble families. In 1622 it was publicly burnt in Zaragoza and banned the following year. Only a few copies were preserved.

That document shows that Spain’s destiny was in the hands of non-European individuals as early as the late fifteenth century, if not earlier. Who knows what happened before? There is no systematic description of the racial state of Spain before that century. We can only assume the race change we describe started before because mass race-mixing does not start all of sudden. It is preceded by a weakening of the spirit of a people.

We will review three cases.

The Uluf-Sanchez family

The case of this family is particularly interesting as it illustrates over several generations the mechanism of social elevation brought by conversion and interracial marriages.

It begins with Azach Abendino and Myra or Maria Esquera, two Jews from Belchite, who had together four daugthers.

One of them, Jamila, wed Alazar Uluf, a Jew from Zaragoza, from whom she had a daughter, Orosol. The three of them converted to christianity and changed their names to Luys Sanchez, Aldonza Sanchez and Brianda Sanchez.

Their daughter, who had become Brianda, wed Francisco de la Caballieria, who was a converso and finance minister of king don Juan, and had together a son, also called Francisco de la Caballieria.

The later wed Violante de Santa-Maria, also a conversa, from whom he had two sons, Pedro and Juan.

Pedro wed Catalina de Albion, daughter of don Bartolomé de Albion, first bailiff of the city of Caspe.

After the passing of her husband, Brianda Sanchez wed don Gonzalbo de Santa-Maria, also a converso. They had several children.

One of them, called Gonzalbo, wed a conversa and obtained the position of advisor to the governor, although he died in the jail of the Inquisition.

Another one, a girl, had descendants. A female of her blood wed the son of don Juan de Moncayo, who was the governor of the city of Orihuela.

There are many other relatives of this family who climbed the social ladder by wedding non-Jews.

A male descendant, whose Jewish father had managed to become city governor, wed the bastard daughter of the count de Fuentes. The daughter they had wed the lord of Guerto.

Another female descendant wed the lord of Çaydi.

Alazar Uluf, alias Luys Sanchez, remarried after the passing of his wife Jamila. His new wife was a younger sister of Francisco de la Caballieria. They had several children.

One of them was made prior of Arguedas and Exea while another one became a jurist who was executed by the Inquisition because of his involvement in the assassination of inquisitor Arbues.

Alazar Uluf had four brothers – the group was called the “Uluf of Zazagoza” – of poor condition. As Alazar, they converted to christianity and bore the names of Pedro, Anton, Gayme and Juan Sanchez.

Pedro Sanchez became a public notary and had six sons with a conversa from Tortosa. He died quickly and a prophecy made by his widow was recorded for posterity: “My sons, I have nothing to give to you. May one day you get tired of receiving the king’s riches!”. Li‚le did she know how soon would this prophecy come true.

One of their sons, Luys Sanchez, obtained the position of finance minister in the government of king Fernando the Catholic and, later, that of bailiff of Aragón – when he obtained the latter position it is his brother Grabiel who became finance minister. He wed a conversa from whom he had two sons.

One of them wed a non-conversa woman from whom he had a son and a daughter.

That son wed a noble woman after murdering her lover, don Juan de Lanuça. They had a daughter who bore the name of donia Juana Sanchez.

The other son of Luys Sanchez married twice, to a daughter of Juan Enrique de Esparça and to a daughter of Juan de Pomar, lord of Riglos.

Grabiel Sanchez, who is mentioned in the above paragraph, wed donia Albamunte de Santa Anguel, daughter of Luys Santa Anguel. They had two sons and two daughters.

One of them, Luys Sanchez, married twice, to Ysabel de Francia and donia Maria de Toledo, from whom he had eight children. One of them, donia Maria Sanchez, wed don Juan de Torellias. Grabiel Sanchez died in 1505 and it is the aforementioned Luys Sanchez, his son, who became finance minister of the Reyes Catholicos until his death in 1530.

The other son of Grabiel Sanchez was named Gabriel Sanchez, brother of Luys Sanchez. He wed donia Ysabel de Granada from whom he had several children.

One of them, Luys Sanchez, wed Ysabel de Rirl, daughter of the baron of Eril in Catalunya.

One daughter of Grabiel Sanchez wed don Miguel de Gurea from whom she had three children.

The eldest was named don Francisco de Gurea. He became governor of Aragón and wed Ysabel de Moncada, daughter of don Juan de Moncada, from whom he had two children.

At her death, he wed donia Leonor de Castro, daughter of the viscount of Ebol, from whom he had two children.

The other daughter of Grabiel Sanchez, donia Ana Sanchez, wed don Juan de Mendoza, lord of the city of San Juan.

Their only son, don Francisco Mendoza, married twice to noble women - one of them was a conversa.

Grabiel Sanchez, son of Pedro Sanchez of whom we have discussed in the above paragraphs, had a brother named Miguel or Grabiel.

The latter wed donia Violante de Castejon from whom he had three sons - Luys, Juan and Francisco - and three daughters - Beatriz who wed Pedro Sanchez, governor of the city of Calanda, Francisca and one who became a nun.

Luys Sanchez wed her cousin Juana de Besalu from who he had a daughter name Ysabel Sanchez.

The latter wed don Juan de Moncayo, lord of Plasencia, from whom she had many children.

One of them, donia Ysabel de Moncayo, wed Phelipe de pomar, lord of Sallillias.

Juan Sanchez became a clergyman.

Francisco Sanchez did not have children.

Another brother of Grabiel Sanchez was Juan Sanchez. He started in life as a public notary but later turned to trading, which made him very wealthy. It seems he was involved in the assassination of inquisitor Epila for he fled and was burnt in effigy. He had wed a conversa from whom he had had two daughters.

The latter had many descendants but only a few of them married into the aristocracy.

Another brother of Grabiel Sanchez was Francisco Sanchez. He was the first intendant to the catholic king. He had a son who also became first intendant to the king.

Another brother of Grabiel Sanchez was Alfonso Sanchez. He was finance minister of the kingdom of Valencia. He wed a conversa from whom he had several children.

One of them was named Miguel Sanchez. He succeeded his father in the position of finance minister and wed donia Ysabel de Hixar, the bastard daughter of the count of Belchite.

Maria Sanchez was the sister of Grabiel Sanchez. She wed twice, first to a commoner from whom she had a daughter, Maria Sanper. Then, she and her daughter wed respectively don Sancho Perez de Pomar and don Carlos de Pomar, who were the lords of the town of Sigues (Maria Sanper ended up being murdered by her husband for adultery). They had one son and three daughters.

The son, named Sancho Perez de Pomar, wed donia Beatriz de Moncayo, daughter of the lord of Rafales, from whom he had a daughter who wed Francisco de Mendoza. His second wife was donia Catalina Cerdan, daughter of the lord of Castelliar, from whom he had many children.

Blanca de Pomar was one of the daughters of Carlos de Pomar and Maria Sanper. She wed first a commoner and, then, with don Pedro Feriz, finance minister of queen Guermana, from whom she had three children.

Alazar Sanchez had a brother named Anton Sanchez, as written above. He wed Gracia Sanchez de Sunien from whom he had three sons.

The first of them, Juan Sanchez, was a jurist who died without posterity.

The second of them, Anton Sanchez, was first prior of Exea and, then, prior of Sariniena.

The last of them, Martin Sanchez, wed a sister of the mother of the duke of Luna, who was of Jewish origin. They had descendants.

The three brothers were all pursued by the Inquisition, although no death penalty was passed.

Alazar Sanchez had a brother named Juan Sanchez. He wed a daughter of the first bailiff of Zaragoza, don Juan Ruys, from whom he had two sons.

The first of them, Juan Sanchez, wed Leonor de Tamarit, whose fate was to be burnt by the Inquisition, from whom he had three sons - Pedro, Agustin and one who became a church canon - and four daughters.

Agustin Sanchez wed donia Juana de Espital while Pedro Sanchez wed Constanza de Francia from whom he had many children.

One of the daughters wed Martin Doce, governor of Monçon, while another one wed the lord of Arascues. The former had four sons and three daughters.

One of the daughters wed don Juan de Foces, lord of Balarias, from whom she had a son a daughter.

Their son, Felipe, became lord of Balarias and wed donia Ana de Cuebas, a conversa, daughter of the count of Fuentes.

From the year 1486 on, the following members of the family were punished by the Inquisition:

-those who were fined were Aldonza Sanchez, Juan Sanchez and his sons Juan, Luys and Miguel, Martin Sanchez and Pedro Sanchez.

-those who were burnt (B for Body, E for Effigy) were the wife of Juan Sanchez , Leonor de Tamarit (B), her sister Almenenara (B), Juan Sanchez (B), Alfonso Sanchez (B), Anguelina Sanchez (B), Valeriana Tamarit (E), Juan Sanchez (B), Beatriz de Tamarit (B), Brianda Sanchez (B) and Anton Sanchez (E).

As a conclusion, we shall say that relatively few members of the family were pursued and punished by the Inquisition.

The Caballieria-Paternoy families

Vidal de la Caballieria and his wife were two Jews from Zaragoza. They converted to christianity and changed their names to Gonzalo and Beatriz de la Caualleria. They had two daughters who wed Cipres de Paternoy, a farmer, and Gaspar Ruyz, who also was a converso.

Cipres de Paternoy had a son, Sanchez Paternoy, who wed Aldonza de Gordo, whose father was executed on the king’s order for his criminal activities. They had three sons - Gonzalo, Sancho and Joan - and five daughters - Beatriz, Isabel, Maria and two Violante.

Gonzalo Paternoy obtained the position of “maestre racional” de Aragon (i. e. finance minister) and was now called don Gonzalo. He wed Leonor de Moron from whom he had one son, Gonzalo Paternoy.

The latter wed dona Isabel de Aragon, daugther of the count of Ribagorza, who had Jewish origins. They had four sons and three daughters.

Sancho Paternoy, brother of Gonzalo Paternoy, had only one bastard child, Isabel de Paternoy, who wed the bastard son of don Joan Perez de Escauilla, from whom she had three children.

Joan Paternoy, brother of Gonzalo Paternoy, had only one child, Joan de Paternoy, whose mother was Leonor de Sese.

Beatriz Paternoy, sister of Gonzalo Paternoy, wed don Joan de Francia, from whom she had two sons and four daughters.

One of the daughters wed Domingo Aznar from whom she had a son and two daughters.

The son wed the daughter of the lord of Cipres from whom he had a son.

Another daughter of Beatriz Paternoy and Joan de Francia wed the lord of Puisech from whom she had a son and a daughter.

The son wed dona Catalina Gotor and the daughter don Gaspar de Gurrea, lord of Argauiesso.

Many descendants were born.

Isabel Paternoy, sister of Gonzalo Paternoy, wed don Martin Cabrero from whom she had six sons and three daughters.

One of the sons, Joan Cabrero, was archbishop of Zaragoza.

Another one, Martin Cabrero, wed dona Aldonza de Reus from whom he had many children who married into the aristocracy.

Another one, Miguel Cabrero, wed dona Timbo de Torrellas from whom he had many children.

One of the daughters wed don Joan de Gamboa from whom she had many children.

Most of the other daughters wed into the aristocracy.

As said above, Vidal de la Caballieria alias Gonzalo de la Caballieria had a second daughter who wed the converse Gaspar Ruyz from whom she had daughter.

The latter wed don Pedro de Francia, lord of Bureta, from whom she had a son, Pedro de Francia, who wed Isabel de la Caballieria.

Before the latter had her husband murdered, they had had a son and a daughter.

The son became lord of Bureta and wed dona Anna de Gurrea from whom he had many children.

One of them wed the lord of Botorrita.

The daughter, Isabel de la Caballieria, wed finance minister Luys Sanchez, as mentioned in the preceding chapter.

Bonafos de la Caballieria and Bienvenis de la Caballieria embraced christianity and changed their names. Bonafos became Pedro. He had two sons, Alfonso and Jayme, before he was executed by the lord of Castellar.

Alfonso de la Caballieria was a jurist who was made vice-chacellor of king Fernando the Catholic. He wed dona Isabel de Arasso, “christiania limpia”, from whom he had two sons and four daughters.

Their eldest son, Sancho de la Caballieria, became very famous for his literary works. He wed first dona Maria Manrique from whom he did not have any children. Then, he wed dona Margarita Cerdan, sister of the lord of Castellar, from whom he had a one son and three daughters.

That son wed dona Joana de Aragon, the bastard daughter of the count of Ribagorza.

The eldest daughter wed Innigo de Mendoza, lord of San Garren, who had been wed to dona Anna Sanchez.

The other son of Alfonso de la Caballieria wed dona Brianda Cerdan, daughter of the lord of Sobradiel, from whom he had one daughter.

The eldest daughter of Alfonso de la Caballieria wed don Pedro de Francia, lord of Bureta.

Another daughter of Alfonso de la Caballieria wed Martin Gurrea, lord of Argauiesso, from whom she had three sons and four daughters.

Their eldest son wed dona Beatriz de Francia from whom he had three sons and four daughters.

Their eldest daughter wed the lord of Quinto from whom she had numerous children.

Another daughter of Alfonso de la Caballieria wed the lord of Alcarax.

We will not further discuss the case of the Caballieria family because it is a well known case. However, most of the studies on converso families do focus on the powerful positions some reached but few mention the extensive race-mixing that occurred. Also, only the “Libro verde” goes into so much genealogical detail.

Don Alfonso of Aragón and Estenga Conejo

Don Alfonso, the bastard son of king don Juan, wed Estenga Conejo, the eldest daughter of Auiatar Conejor, a Jew from Zaragoza. She had converted to christianity before she bore him three sons and a daughter.

Their eldest son was made count of Ribagorza. His wife was from the house Lopez de Gurrea and was the daughter of the governor of Aragón. They had a son together. He remarried later and had other children. Their first son had three different wives from whom he had more than ten children who married into noble houses.

Their second son was made bishop of Tortosa and archbishop of Tarragona.

Their third son was don Hernando. He was made commander of commander of San Juan and prior of Catalonia. Their daughter wed the count of Albaida from whom she had a son and eight daughters who all married into noble houses.

THIRD PART: CONCLUSION

We have discussed only three cases but the “Libro verde” describes dozens of lineages. Below are the names of all the families described:

Acaz Abendino (fol. 2v)

Alazar Uluf (fol. 2v)

S[enn]or de Arascues, de Huesca (fol. 24v)

Aznares (fol. 29)

Arbas (fol. 31, 93v)

Arbolex (fol. 38v)

Arin[n]o (fol. 44v, 79v, 136)

Aldobera (fol. 57v)

Albion (fol. 74, 77, 79, 80)

Almaçan (fol. 76v, 90v, 94v, 147, 174)

Artal (fol. 93, 94)

Aliaga (fol. 95)

Arabiano (fol. 103v)

Arbustante (fol. 116v, 129, 130)

Azlor (fol. 118v)

Abiego (fol. 120, 120v)

Arbues (fol. 130)

Alfajarin (fol. 132v)

Aguilar (fol. 172)

Almenara (fol. 173)

Aduarte (fol. 181)

Ara (fol. 185)

Aragon (fol. 188v)

Aranda (fol. 202v)

Brianda Sanchez (fol. 2v, 3)

Biu de Quinto (fol. 31)

S[enn]or de Botorrita (fol. 37)

Bordalba (fol. 49v)

Bolea (fol. 56, 66, 87)

Bardaji (fol. 75, 172v, 175)

Barrachina (fol. 88)

Bueso (fol. 114v)

Bidal (fol. 150)

Benet (fol. 159, 182v, 183)

Bertiz (fol. 172)

Belseguer (fol. 179)

Biota (fol. 179v)

Bonifante (fol. 179v)

Belber (fol. 180)

Baptista (fol. 202)

Caballeria (fol. 26v, 38, 52v, 55,55v, 58, 77, 105)

Cerdan (fol. 4, 5v, 32v, 43v, 93)

Celdran (fol. 4)

Castro de Sarinina (fol. 23)

Claberol de Lerida (fol. 24)

Cabreros (fol. 29v)

Come[n]d[ad]or de Calatrab (fol. 30)

Coronel (fol. 56v, 114)

Cunchillos, Tarazo[na] (fol. 66v)

Coscones (fol. 72v)

Cosidas (fol. 77v)

Cleme[n]te (fol. 85, 136)

Cabeça de Vaca (fol. 88v)

Carnoy (fol. 100v)

Cenedo (fol. 110, 188, 204)

Contamina (fol. 112)

Castellon (fol. 127)

Cruilliad (fol. 132)

Cabra (fol. 137, 139, 143)

Caseda (fol. 141, 178)

Cortes (fol. 144)

Casanate (fol. 150v)

Carbi (fol. 156v, 165)

Caportas (fol. 181v)

Castro (fol. 193)

Dalmau (fol. 16, 119v, 187v)

Doc (fol. 22)

Diaz (fol. 136v, 187v)

Duen[n]as (fol. 149)

Donlope (fol. 149v)

Duarte (fol. 178)

Espital (fol. 54, 63v, 177)

Exea de Alago[n] (fol. 116v)

Esteban (fol. 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 156)

Eslaba (fol. 163)

Embun (fol. 184)

Eril (fol. 194)

Espes (fol. 203v)

Ferriz (fol. 18, 51v, 116v)

Fozes, s[enn]or de Vallarias (fol. 22v, 114)

Francia (fol. 33, 35v)

Funes (fol. 101)

Fatas (fol. 111, 176)

Ferrer de Calatayud (fol. 164v)

Faxol (fol. 172v, 186v)

Ferrer de Huesca (fol. 195)

Gurrea (fol. 11v, 34v, 41, 158v)

Gamboa (fol. 30v)

Guilaberte (fol. 89v)

Guete (fol. 108v)

Gonzalez (fol. 133, 134)

Gomez (fol. 183)

Gurrea (fol. 192v)

Garcia (fol. 195)

Herm[an]a de M[icer]. Gonzalbo [de] S[anta] Ma[ri]a (fol. 4)

/fol. 212v/

Jasa (fol. 117v)

Ixar (fol. 126)

Junqueras (fol. 166v)

/fol. 213/

Luis Sanchez (fol. 2v)

Lopez (fol. 102, 107, 110v, 113, 115, 158, 171v, 176)

Luna (fol. 137, 199)

Losilla (fol. 170)

Lunel (fol. 180v, 187)

Moncayo (fol. 4, 4v, 14)

Mendoça, s[enno]r de Sangarren (fol. 13, 39v, 89)

Moreno de Daroca (fol. 21v)

Manente (fol. 32)

Martel (fol. 66v, 108v, 110v, 171)

Monzon (fol. 97v, 176v)

Mauran (fol. 107v)

Maluenda (fol. 115v)

Molon (fol. 129v, 134v)

Moros (fol. 133, 134)

Manresa de Aznar (fol. 142)

Marquina (fol. 165v)

Medrano (fol. 166)

Morales (fol. 175)

Milla (fol. 190v)

Martinez Royo (fol. 205)

Nueros (fol. 202)

Nauarro (fol. 203)

Ortigas (fol. 115v, 128)

Orera (fol. 181)

Omedas (fol. 194)

Pomares, s[ennor]es de Salillas (fol. 14v, 16v, 44)

Perez (fol. 19v, 112)

Porquete de Monzon (fol. 23v)

Paternoy (fol. 26v, 196)

Pueyo (fol. 88, 108)

Pilares (fol. 108, 157v)

Prior (fol. 127)

Porta (fol. 146)

Polo (fol. 148, 174v)

Portoles (fol. 203)

Queralte (fol. 40)

Ram (fol. 15v, 180v)

Ruiz (fol. 35, 73)

Resende, s[enno]r de Alcaraz (fol. 37, 45v)

Rio de Huesca (fol. 72)

Riuas (fol. 96, 101, 180)

Rey (fol. 118v)

Roda (fol. 143)

Robres (fol. 159v)

Romeo (fol. 163)

Sanchez (fol. 2v-7, 9v, 18v, 25v, 131, 153, 155, 168)

S[ant]a Maria (fol. 2v-3, 81)

Saias (fol. 46v)

Santangel (fol. 59v [h]asta 63, 66v-67v, 84, 106, 186)

S[an]ta Fe (fol. 73v, 82-82v, 84v)

Salaberte (fol. 83, 166v)

Soria (fol. 111v)

Santiesteban (fol. 145, 185)

Santuchos (fol. 160)

Sotel (fol. 162)

S[an]t Vicen (fol. 176)

S[an]t Cruz (fol. 177-178)

Sarrion (fol. 179)

Salbate (fol. 180)

S[enn]or de Las Pedrosas (fol. 184v)

Sanguesa (fol. 188v, 194v)

S[an]t Benitos, los fol[ios] ult[im]os

Salas (fol. 161v)

Torrellas, s[enn]or de Nabal (fol. 10, 57)

Torrellas, s[enn]or de Torrezilla (fol. 94v, 165v)

Tafalla (fol. 98v)

Thomas de Malli (fol. 109v)

Torrigos (fol. 113)

Talayero (fol. 126)

Torres (fol. 138, 157)

Torrero (fol. 184)

Tolosa (fol. 187v)

Ulufes (fol. 2v)

Urrea (fol. 9, 136)

Villarpando (fol. 42, 75)

Villanuebas (fol. 71, 147, 171v)

Vilanobas (fol. 80)

Vaca (fol. 135)

Villaca[m]pa (fol. 188)

Yta (fol. 161v)

Yban[n]ez (fol. 161v)

T. L., 2015